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The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World
''The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World from the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests'' is a 1981 book by the British classical historian G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, a fellow of New College, Oxford.
==Summary==
De Ste. Croix makes a wide-ranging attempt to establish the validity of historical materialist analysis of the ancient world, among other historical periods. De Ste. Croix begins with the attempt to define exactly what terms such as "class", "exploitation", "surplus" and "mode of production" mean, in the sense they were used by Karl Marx. In his interpretation of Marxism, he acknowledges a debt to Gerald Cohen's ''Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence'' (1978) and Leszek Kołakowski ''Main Currents of Marxism'' (1976).〔De Ste. Croix, G. E. M. ''The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World from the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests''. Cornell University Press, 1989, p. xi.〕
Addressing diverse historical periods, De Ste. Croix covers questions as varied as the emergence of democracy in Ancient Athens and the social importance of the decline of the Greek city-state during the Roman Empire. In defending the viability of 'class struggle' as an analytical framework applicable to the ancient world, De Ste. Croix claims that Marx's conceptions are remarkably close to Aristotle's political philosophy and Thucydides' historiography. He cites numerous fourth and fifth-century BC sources to argue that Greek writers themselves (including Plato) saw political tendencies rooted ultimately in economic interests.
There is also lengthy discussion of the significance of the mode by which surplus value is generated. De Ste. Croix argues that a ''mode of surplus extraction'', a concept devised by Marx, is significant and is not necessarily the same as the mode of production engaged in by the majority of a population.
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